| Summary : |
The cultivation of the wine grape varieties is one of the most important crops in Spain, with a production based on the berry quality and in the typicity of its wines. The color is one of the most important attributes in quality of the berries, and some of those characteristics are linked by the anthocyanins methylation and flavonols compounds. Also, these compounds have anti-oxidant properties that provide healthy effects to the consumer. The typicity of wine grape are due to the creation of multiple D.O.(Denominations of Origin) and it has originated a loss of genetic variation. During the last years, the improvement of wine grape varieties has been developed by clonal selection which it is not interesting for private companies when tools that allow to identify and to protect the new obtaining varieties not existing. On the other hand, the existence of grape breeding programs in different countries of the North and of the East of Europe it has demonstrated the possibility to develop new grape varieties with quality traits. However, the classical breeding programs almost require 30 years for the development of a new variety, for that reason, it is necessary the development of knowledge and tools that increase its effectiveness. Therefore, the fundamental goal of this proposal is to identify the genes and the nucleotide variation that it is responsible for the phenotypic variation for characters of berry quality. We have to exploit the possibilities that offer the combination of the genomic information with the different tools of genetic analysis. The starting point of the experimental strategy is the analysis of the natural phenotypic variation in wild genetic resources (which present different enological profiles than the cultivated ones) and breeding populations. The phenotypic analysis will be analyzed by traditional chemical analysis, and this information is contrasted with the existing variation, using both segregating populations analysis for quantitative traits and genetic association analysis mediated by candidate genes. Both strategies should allow us to identify the genomic regions responsible for the variation of the quality traits. Elucidation of the molecular basis of these traits can allow to increase the effectiveness of the breeding programs.
Finally, other efficient tool in the identification of quality traits is the metabolomic characterization of mature berries of wild accessions and clones of wine grape varieties, with the purpose of determinate biomarkers of quality for the clones and search of new metabolites in the wild accessions.
In this context, the final objective is the development of molecular tools that allow to accelerate the selection in breeding programs of wine grape varieties with high quality.
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